Charles John Mayers: The Real Life Story Behind 'The Flying Sailor'
by Joel Zemel © 2023

The common phrase, "truth is stranger than fiction," is applied to incredible real-life stories which defy belief. What happened on the morning of 6 December 1917 to a 22 year-old merchant mariner named Charles John Mayers (1896-1959), is as true as it is incredulous: A man, swept up by the explosion in Halifax Harbour and carried high through the air for nearly half a mile, was thrown back to earth and survived.



Charles John Mayers ca. 1919
provided by Hugh MacLean

An award-winning National Film Board (NFB) film entitled The Flying Sailor, was an Oscar nominee for this year's Best Animated Short Film. It is a creative interpretive work that combines animation with real-world images along with a beautiful musical score to tell the tale. Despite its lack of historical accuracy, the project still brought some well-deserved interest regarding the real-life story of Charles John Mayers to whom the film is dedicated. However, conveying a more factual account of Mayers' harrowing experience as well as situations which occurred after the film leaves off is this article's main purpose.

Although Charles Mayers was never personally interviewed by reporters of the day, versions of his story found their way into local newspaper editions. The following information is primarily from Mayers' first-hand eyewitness testimony given on 21 December 1917 during the wreck commissioner's inquiry in the Exchequer Court of Canada. The goal of the inquiry was to determine the cause of a collision between two ships the harbour which led to the explosion. The proceedings took place in Courtroom #1 (now, #4) on Spring Garden Road, Halifax.



Courtroom #4, Joel Zemel Collection

The SS Mont-Blanc (France) and SS Imo (Norway) collided on the morning of 6 December, resulting in a fire aboard the French ship. Mont-Blanc's manifest listed tons of picric acid, guncotton, T.N.T., as well as 494 barrels of inflammable benzol on the open decks. Numerous rounds of ammunition for her two guns were also stored fore and aft. At the point of collision on Mont-Blanc's starboard side, Imo pierced the forward hold containing the picric acid. When the vessel extricated herself, the sparks ignited a fire in the hold which then quickly moved upward from the waterline to the decks via spilled benzol flowing overboard from broken barrels.

Only a handful of naval personnel in Halifax were aware of the T.N.T. aboard Mont-Blanc with the exception of her crew, who knew of all of the holds' contents. Yet virtually no one else in the city had any idea of the other extremely dangerous and more volatile explosives which constituted the bulk of the cargo

The British freighter SS Middleham Castle (Master, Captain Kelly) had arrived in the port of Halifax on 24 November 1917 and was slated to depart for New York on 25 December following an overhaul at the Dry Dock. Charles Mayers, originally from Seaforth, Lancashire, was the third officer on his first voyage with this vessel. He observed the collision and resultant fire from aboard his ship which was rafted together with two others off the Graving Dock, approximately two hundred yards from Pier 6. Following the collision, Mont-Blanc had made her way to the south side of the pier on her own power and had beached on the shore, broadside to Middleham Castle. On a whim, Mayers left the relative safety of his vessel assess the situation.



Explosion Blast Cloud, Harbour view to Bedford Basin, Joel Zemel Collection

During his inquiry testimony, Mayers told the Court that on his way to the conflagration, he began to feel extremely ill at ease as he approached the stricken vessel. He must have noticed several loud explosions of overheated benzol drums bursting on deck and taking off into the air like fireworks. When he was within 100 yards of Mont-Blanc, he decided it would be best to go back and seek shelter because he had witnessed ships explode in the past. So, he quickly turned around and ran as fast as he could in the direction of Middleham Castle.

Upon reaching his ship, he made his way to the port side where he stood with the second mate, John Waldie, and continued to observe the intense fire. Without warning, Mont-Blanc evaporated in a violent, powerful 2.9 kiloton blast. A sudden updraft swept Mayers from his position and carried him aloft. The vessel's lone fatality was the chief steward, Charles D. Silva. The second mate with whom Mayers stood only a moment before was uninjured.



SS Middleham Castle (left) and SS Picton, photograph taken by James Burns Russell
Rubble in the background is the remains of the Acadia Sugar Refinery
, Nova Scotia Archives

Incredulity toward and in many cases, disbelief of, Mayers' experience of flying through the air and landing atop Needham Hill was well known by the time the inquiry took place. The stigma of the event unfortunately followed him into the courtroom. The following is an exchange between Crown counsel William Alexander Henry Jr. and Third Officer Mayers:

Q.- Any sound of the explosion?
A.- Not that I remember; everything went dark.
Q.- Describe your experiences?
A.- I don't feel proud of it altogether.
Q.- You were hurled through the air a considerable distance?
A.- Yes, I was on top of Fort Needham hill, about a half a mile from the ship.
Q.- You were fully dressed at the time going up?
A.- Yes, heavy coat on, and when I realized where I was I had nothing on but just my boots.
Q.- Everything went black?
A.- Yes.
Q.- And you had a sensation of revolving?
A.- Yes, revolving sensation; I tried to throw myself back and could not.
Q.- And also of knocking against something?
A.- Yes, I remember hitting something with my left side.
Q.- And you were going through the air you had the sensation?
A.- I remember meeting pieces of timber and wood; I was quite conscious; I felt the water; I thought I was under the bottom of the sea somewhere.
Q.- You had the sensation of being under water?
A.- Yes, I was wet when I came down.
Q.- You fell on your left side?
A.- Yes.
Q.- And that stopped you?
A.- Yes.
Q.- You were pretty badly injured?
A.- Very badly cut; nothing broken.
Q.- Your face was pretty well cut all over?
A.- Yes, I picked nails and pieces of wood out of my face.

At the heart of the inquiry and all subsequent civil proceedings, besides determination of responsibility for the collision, was a $2,000,000 damages claim. If Mont-Blanc had been the cause of the accident, her owners La Compagnie Generale Transatlantique would be awarded the money. If Imo were at fault, the payment would go to her owners.

By all accounts, Mayers was a credible witness and appeared to possess an almost photographic memory. He had witnessed the circumstances leading up to and following the collision - from the time Imo came down the harbour from Bedford Basin and The Narrows until the accident took place just across from Pier 9 near midstream. He clearly recalled the exchange of whistle signals between the two ships and their positions. His testimony was succinct, truthful. Throughout, the young man remained unflappable.

The public showed much contempt for Captain Aime Le Medec and Pilot Francis Mackey of Mont-Blanc. The Halifax Herald newspaper amplified this disdain back to its readership. Many were prejudicial towards French-Canadians for their stance against the rest of Canada going to war for Britain. They were well aware that the French ship's crew abandoned their vessel and escaped to Dartmouth (with one casualty on land). There were seven fatalities aboard Imo, including Captain Haakon From, First Officer Iverson, and local Pilot William Hayes. Notwithstanding all of this, most people in Halifax were surprised at the inquiry panel's decision to assign the blame for the collision on Mont-Blanc.

The assumption of Imo's responsibility for the collision predominated. During the inquiry, some controversy arose regarding the unwritten rule that it went against British fair play to speak ill of the dead. So, due to the fact that the captain, first officer and pilot had died, the reasons for Imo's erratic actions went unanswered for the most part. The Norwegian ship's owners, the Southern Whaling Co. Ltd., contended the accident took place on the Halifax side. Conversely, Mayers, who had keen eyesight and a good understanding of navigation, stood firm in his belief that the collision took place on the Dartmouth side of the line. His testimony strongly indicated Imo was to blame, much to the chagrin of Charles Jost Burchell, counsel for the ship's owners.

Burchell was particularly hard on the third officer. He attempted to completely discredit Mayers' testimony regarding signals and locations. He went so far as to hammer the young man with invective, bringing up inane subject matter such as how many steps did he count coming into the courtroom and whether he read fantasy as a child such as Deadeye Dick* or books by Jules Verne. Counsel remarked that Mayers' experience was considered a joke by his crew mates - to which the third officer replied, "A good many people do."

Q.- You said you were ashamed of it?
A.- No.
Q.- I thought you said you were ashamed?
A.- I was not proud of the experience of being blown in the air.
Q.- When you came to you were not quite yourself?
A.- No, my mind was affected.
Q.- And you saw some horrible sights?
A.- I did; I did see some horrible sights; I remember them.
Q.- A woman badly mangled giving birth to a child?
A.- I did in a field.
Q.- You wandered around and didn't know where you were?
A.- I didn't know until I was picked up by a blue jacket from the Niobe and taken to the hospital.
Q.- And been under medical treatment since? The doctor fixed you up?
A.- Yes, at the house.
Q.- You went to the hospital first and then to a private house?
A.- I did.

Burchell then bluffed by suggesting he could produce a witness who said Mayers did not go back to his ship but rather ran up a hill just before the explosion. The third officer categorically stated he did not do such a thing and that he would be surprised if such a witness was produced. Counsel backed down. Mayers was next examined by Humphrey Mellish, who represented the owners of Mont-Blanc and wanted to know more about his ordeal:

Q.- You stated you had no clothing after the explosion?
A.- None whatever.
Q.- And you were found on a hill?
A.- In a field amongst burning houses.
Q.- And you were taken care of then?
A.- I could not properly walk from the pain in my feet.
Q.- Some people took care of you?
A.- I helped myself: I got a pair of trousers from a house and a mackintosh coat.
Q.- And a blue jacket assisted you?
A.- Yes, to a conveyance; a motor car.
Q.- And since then you have been provided with clothing from the Relief Committee?
A.- I have what remains on my own ship.

Mr. Mellish went on to establish that Mayers had stayed at the hospital for thirteen hours and then recuperated at the house of Mr. Hart of the Green Lantern Building. Mayers verified that he had also been interviewed prior to his inquiry testimony by Mr. Mellish himself, Mr. Gaboury, French Consul and the chairman of the Relief Committee, and Mr Burchell.

Despite much evidence to the contrary, the biassed three-man inquiry panel concluded that Mont-Blanc was entirely to blame for the collision. One of the panel's members, Judge Arthur Drysdale, oversaw the first of the civil litigations and issued the same decision. This led to the appeals and cross-appeal by the ships' owners to the higher courts. Ultimately, The location of the collision was made irrelevant by the Supreme Court of Canada (19 May 1919) as well as the Judicial Committee of the Privy Council (22 March 1920). Both committees determined Mont-Blanc and Imo were equally responsible for the collision thus, voiding the $2,000,000 damages claim altogether

One statement regarding Mayers appeared within the Privy Council decision. The panel wrote, "...but though one may not have the same confidence in his evidence as if he was free from his delusion, yet his testimony ought not to be put aside as entirely untrustworthy."

* * *

There is anecdotal evidence that during his tribulation atop Needham Hill that Mayers briefly saw and spoke to a sobbing girl. He told someone, "There was a little girl near me and I asked her where we were. She was crying and said she did not know where we were." This, in fact, was fourteen year-old Barbara Orr, who had been watching the fire near her home on Albert Street and, just like Mayers, had been carried by the explosion through the air to the hill nearby - though the distance of her flight was much shorter than that of the third officer.



Barbara Orr, Janet Kitz Collection

Historian Janet Kitz wrote: "Barbara had a feeling of somersaulting through the air. She came to near the top of Fort Needham, one of her high tightly laced boots gone. She was covered with a black, wet, oily substance. There were people around staggering, bleeding ... She struggled to her feet. Where her house had been, she saw only smoke and flames. Sometimes walking, sometimes crawling, she managed to reach her aunt's house on Gottingen Street, where there was serious damage, but no fires." Barbara Orr survived the explosion but unfortunately, lost her entire family.

* * *

Archival photographs show the damage to Middleham Castle's stoved in funnel as well as a view looking aft of the port side from where Mayers was taken from the deck by the blast. By the time his ship was ready to leave Halifax bound for New York, he had fully recovered from his injuries. After undergoing repairs from the explosion, Middleham Castle left on Christmas Day with a new master, Captain Eugene Hawken.



SS Middleham Castle following explosion / view port side to aft, taken by Lt. Victor Magnus, Joel Zemel Collection

Third Officer Mayers worked on other merchant ships after his tenure on Middleham Castle - SS Egremont Castle and SS Andorhina. By 1919, he had reached the position of second mate and received mercantile awards for his WWI service. In July 1920, he received his first mate's certificate. Not much more is known about the true-life flying sailor following his ordeal in Halifax except that Charles John Mayers reportedly died in 1959 at age 63.

* * *

Sources: Testimony from Imo vs Mont Blanc Volumes 1 & 2; Scapegoat, the extraordinary legal proceedings following the 1917 Halifax Explosion by Joel Zemel; additional biographical information and photograph of Charles John Mayers courtesy of Hugh MacLean; Halifax Explosion Remembrance Book, Nova Scotia Archives; Notes by Janet Kitz; various online resources.

*Burchell was likely referring to Dick Deadeye, a character in H.M.S. Pinafore, a comic opera by Gilbert and Sullivan.

Halifax Explosion Remembrance Book online at the Nova Scotia Archives website:

View the NFB animated short film The Flying Sailor:

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